A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem

Ri Song Chol; Kim Il Guk; Kim Ryong Gwang; Kim Jik Su

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

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| Peer-Reviewed

A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem

Ri Song Chol

, Kim Il Guk^*

, Kim Ryong Gwang

, Kim Jik Su

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 2)

Received: 7 November 2025 Accepted: 24 November 2025 Published: 16 March 2026

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Abstract

One of the main problems in cosmology is to resolve the problem of accelerating expansion and cosmological coincidence problem of the late universe. Many models, such as the cosmological constant model, the scalar field model, and the holographic model proposed in Einstein’s tensor gravity theory, have solved many problems in explaining these problems. The Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor theory, proposed by Brans and Dicke in 1961, is a generalization of Einstein’s tensor theory of gravity. In this theory, the scalar field can be combined with gravity, and many scalar field models have been proposed, since the observational constraints of the coupling parameters are not clear. In general formalism for scalar fields, parameterization may be relevant in some sense. For example, parameterization of parameters such as dark matter-dark energy interaction coefficient, equation of state parameter, and holographic constant, which have been proposed to solve the problem of cosmological coincidence problem, has some significance. Therefore, in this paper, we have applied the well-known Jassal-Bagular-Padmanabhann (JBP) parameterization in cosmology to the scalar field to construct a holographic scalar field model, perform cosmological verification, and consider the problem of late cosmic acceleration expansion and cosmological coincidence problem. The model parameters obtained by minimizing the chi-square function have nonzero values, and the current values of the transition red shift, equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, and coincidence parameter are in good agreement with previous studies. We also confirmed the validity of the model and finally obtained a limit on the rate of change of the gravitational constant.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
Page(s)	22-27
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Holographic Scalar Field, Coincidence Problem, Scalar-Tensor Theory, Parameterization

References

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APA Style

Chol, R. S., Guk, K. I., Gwang, K. R., Su, K. J. (2026). A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem. Science Research, 14(2), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

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ACS Style

Chol, R. S.; Guk, K. I.; Gwang, K. R.; Su, K. J. A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(2), 22-27. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

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AMA Style

Chol RS, Guk KI, Gwang KR, Su KJ. A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem. Sci Res. 2026;14(2):22-27. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11,
  author = {Ri Song Chol and Kim Il Guk and Kim Ryong Gwang and Kim Jik Su},
  title = {A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261402.11},
  abstract = {One of the main problems in cosmology is to resolve the problem of accelerating expansion and cosmological coincidence problem of the late universe. Many models, such as the cosmological constant model, the scalar field model, and the holographic model proposed in Einstein’s tensor gravity theory, have solved many problems in explaining these problems. The Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor theory, proposed by Brans and Dicke in 1961, is a generalization of Einstein’s tensor theory of gravity. In this theory, the scalar field can be combined with gravity, and many scalar field models have been proposed, since the observational constraints of the coupling parameters are not clear. In general formalism for scalar fields, parameterization may be relevant in some sense. For example, parameterization of parameters such as dark matter-dark energy interaction coefficient, equation of state parameter, and holographic constant, which have been proposed to solve the problem of cosmological coincidence problem, has some significance. Therefore, in this paper, we have applied the well-known Jassal-Bagular-Padmanabhann (JBP) parameterization in cosmology to the scalar field to construct a holographic scalar field model, perform cosmological verification, and consider the problem of late cosmic acceleration expansion and cosmological coincidence problem. The model parameters obtained by minimizing the chi-square function have nonzero values, and the current values of the transition red shift, equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, and coincidence parameter are in good agreement with previous studies. We also confirmed the validity of the model and finally obtained a limit on the rate of change of the gravitational constant.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem
AU  - Ri Song Chol
AU  - Kim Il Guk
AU  - Kim Ryong Gwang
AU  - Kim Jik Su
Y1  - 2026/03/16
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 22
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
AB  - One of the main problems in cosmology is to resolve the problem of accelerating expansion and cosmological coincidence problem of the late universe. Many models, such as the cosmological constant model, the scalar field model, and the holographic model proposed in Einstein’s tensor gravity theory, have solved many problems in explaining these problems. The Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor theory, proposed by Brans and Dicke in 1961, is a generalization of Einstein’s tensor theory of gravity. In this theory, the scalar field can be combined with gravity, and many scalar field models have been proposed, since the observational constraints of the coupling parameters are not clear. In general formalism for scalar fields, parameterization may be relevant in some sense. For example, parameterization of parameters such as dark matter-dark energy interaction coefficient, equation of state parameter, and holographic constant, which have been proposed to solve the problem of cosmological coincidence problem, has some significance. Therefore, in this paper, we have applied the well-known Jassal-Bagular-Padmanabhann (JBP) parameterization in cosmology to the scalar field to construct a holographic scalar field model, perform cosmological verification, and consider the problem of late cosmic acceleration expansion and cosmological coincidence problem. The model parameters obtained by minimizing the chi-square function have nonzero values, and the current values of the transition red shift, equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, and coincidence parameter are in good agreement with previous studies. We also confirmed the validity of the model and finally obtained a limit on the rate of change of the gravitational constant.
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ri Song Chol

Department of Physics, Sariwon Ri Kye Sun University of Education, Sariwon, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6160-3990
Kim Il Guk

Pyongyang Astronomical Observatory, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0940-2478
Kim Ryong Gwang

Pyongyang Astronomical Observatory, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0390-6219
Kim Jik Su

Pyongyang Astronomical Observatory, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9153-7489

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APA Style

Chol, R. S., Guk, K. I., Gwang, K. R., Su, K. J. (2026). A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem. Science Research, 14(2), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

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ACS Style

Chol, R. S.; Guk, K. I.; Gwang, K. R.; Su, K. J. A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(2), 22-27. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

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AMA Style

Chol RS, Guk KI, Gwang KR, Su KJ. A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem. Sci Res. 2026;14(2):22-27. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11,
  author = {Ri Song Chol and Kim Il Guk and Kim Ryong Gwang and Kim Jik Su},
  title = {A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261402.11},
  abstract = {One of the main problems in cosmology is to resolve the problem of accelerating expansion and cosmological coincidence problem of the late universe. Many models, such as the cosmological constant model, the scalar field model, and the holographic model proposed in Einstein’s tensor gravity theory, have solved many problems in explaining these problems. The Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor theory, proposed by Brans and Dicke in 1961, is a generalization of Einstein’s tensor theory of gravity. In this theory, the scalar field can be combined with gravity, and many scalar field models have been proposed, since the observational constraints of the coupling parameters are not clear. In general formalism for scalar fields, parameterization may be relevant in some sense. For example, parameterization of parameters such as dark matter-dark energy interaction coefficient, equation of state parameter, and holographic constant, which have been proposed to solve the problem of cosmological coincidence problem, has some significance. Therefore, in this paper, we have applied the well-known Jassal-Bagular-Padmanabhann (JBP) parameterization in cosmology to the scalar field to construct a holographic scalar field model, perform cosmological verification, and consider the problem of late cosmic acceleration expansion and cosmological coincidence problem. The model parameters obtained by minimizing the chi-square function have nonzero values, and the current values of the transition red shift, equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, and coincidence parameter are in good agreement with previous studies. We also confirmed the validity of the model and finally obtained a limit on the rate of change of the gravitational constant.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Type of Holographic Scalar Field Model and Coincidence Problem
AU  - Ri Song Chol
AU  - Kim Il Guk
AU  - Kim Ryong Gwang
AU  - Kim Jik Su
Y1  - 2026/03/16
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 22
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261402.11
AB  - One of the main problems in cosmology is to resolve the problem of accelerating expansion and cosmological coincidence problem of the late universe. Many models, such as the cosmological constant model, the scalar field model, and the holographic model proposed in Einstein’s tensor gravity theory, have solved many problems in explaining these problems. The Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor theory, proposed by Brans and Dicke in 1961, is a generalization of Einstein’s tensor theory of gravity. In this theory, the scalar field can be combined with gravity, and many scalar field models have been proposed, since the observational constraints of the coupling parameters are not clear. In general formalism for scalar fields, parameterization may be relevant in some sense. For example, parameterization of parameters such as dark matter-dark energy interaction coefficient, equation of state parameter, and holographic constant, which have been proposed to solve the problem of cosmological coincidence problem, has some significance. Therefore, in this paper, we have applied the well-known Jassal-Bagular-Padmanabhann (JBP) parameterization in cosmology to the scalar field to construct a holographic scalar field model, perform cosmological verification, and consider the problem of late cosmic acceleration expansion and cosmological coincidence problem. The model parameters obtained by minimizing the chi-square function have nonzero values, and the current values of the transition red shift, equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, and coincidence parameter are in good agreement with previous studies. We also confirmed the validity of the model and finally obtained a limit on the rate of change of the gravitational constant.
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
ER  -

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