Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Parametric Analysis on the Hysteretic Behavior of an Energy Dissipation Damper

Received: 4 June 2026     Accepted: 14 July 2026     Published: 13 August 2026
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Abstract

To improve the hysteretic performance of prefabricated beam-column connections, a parametric analysis is conducted on an energy-dissipating damper connection composed of shear rods and a pin shaft. Based on the finite element method, the effects of the gusset plate spacing, the diameter of the energy-dissipating rods, and the distance from the rods to the pin shaft center on the seismic performance of the connection are investigated. The results indicate that increasing the rod diameter significantly enhances both the load-bearing capacity and ductility. When the rod diameter is increased from 18 mm to 22 mm, the peak load-bearing capacity increases by 18.5%, and the ductility coefficient improves by 27.7%. Increasing the gusset plate spacing enhances the energy dissipation capacity, but the peak load-bearing capacity decreases by up to 39.7%. Increasing the distance from the rods to the pin shaft center simultaneously improves the load-bearing capacity and stiffness; when this distance is increased from 100 mm to 120 mm, the load-bearing capacity increases by 10.0%. It is recommended to prioritize the use of 22 mm diameter rods and a center distance of 120 mm, while the gusset plate spacing should be selected between 5 mm and 15 mm according to the seismic fortification intensity. The optimized damper can effectively improve the seismic performance of the connection.

Published in Science Research (Volume 14, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20
Page(s) 210-217
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Energy Dissipation Damper, Finite Element Analysis, Parameter Optimization, Seismic Behavior

1.引言
传统现浇梁柱节点在地震作用下易形成塑性集中区,损伤集中于节点核心或梁端,震后难以修复。为此,学者们将消能减震技术引入装配式梁柱节点,通过设置耗能装置集中耗散地震能量,保护主体结构。
葛琪等设计带可更换耗能装置的预制混凝土梁柱节点,证实其耗能能力较现浇节点提高20%。童超等指出梁柱接触面竖向缝隙高度是影响节点单侧屈服特性的关键因素。杜永峰等提出分级屈服耗能连接件(RGEC),小震由核心组件耗能,大震由屈曲段耗能,耗能占比达97%。邢国华等内置碟簧装置,实现损伤集中于梁端碟簧区。申允等验证转动摩擦铰阻尼器在装配式节点中的可行性。许高娲和欧进萍等发展了转动摩擦-金属屈服两级耗能节点。洪锦雄等提出一种可应用于装配式结构梁柱节点且具有“弯-剪”功能分离的转动铅黏弹阻尼器。张健新等提出双阶耗能节点,后屈服刚度优于单阶节点。近年来,更多新型耗能构造被提出。陈云等设计了一种装配式自复位梁柱摩擦耗能节点,低周反复加载试验表明其等效黏滞阻尼比可达0.32,且残余位移显著减小。和海芳等采用形状记忆合金(SMA)作为梁柱连接材料,建立了精细化有限元模型,结果显示SMA束连接的节点在循环荷载下残余位移近似为零。吴从晓等提出扭转钢管阻尼器,拟静力试验表明其极限转角超过0.06 rad,延性系数均大于4.0。徐秀凤等提出了T形耗能铰阻尼器,参数分析结果表明其承载力、延性和耗能能力均优于传统构造。RU和HE装配低屈服强度弧形钢板阻尼器,利用低屈服钢的应变硬化特性使节点兼备自复位与稳定耗能的双重优势。熊进刚等将屈曲约束支撑(BRB)引入装配式混凝土柱-钢梁组合节点,试验表明该节点具有高承载和震后功能可恢复的特点。刘学春等提出了一种全螺栓连接的装配式梁柱节点,通过端板与耗能角钢的协同工作实现了塑性损伤的可控分布。
尽管上述构造均实现了不同程度的消能减震效果,部分节点仍存在耗能能力不足、损伤分布不理想等问题。因此,本文基于有限元方法,对一种耗能阻尼器节点进行关键参数分析,以优化其耗能性能。
2.阻尼器介绍与有限元模型
2.1.阻尼器构造
本文所研究的阻尼器由耳板、销轴、端板和8根剪切杆构成。其中剪切杆使用的是4.8级高强螺栓,销轴使用Cr40,其他钢材均采用Q345钢。钢梁尺寸为H400×250×10mm,长度为1460mm。
Figure 1. 图1 阻尼器示意图。
2.2.有限元模型的建立
为提高计算效率并准确模拟塑性行为,对阻尼器部件采用八节点六面体减缩积分单元(C3D8R)进行网格划分,网格划分图见图2
Figure 2. 图2 阻尼器节点网格划分图。
材料本构方面,Q345钢及4.8级耗能杆均采用随动强化模型以考虑包辛格效应。弹性模量E取2.06×105MPa,泊松比0.3,强化阶段模量为初始模量的1%。钢材屈服应力与塑性应变关系按表1设定。接触定义中,各构件间的法向行为采用“硬接触”,切向行为采用罚摩擦,摩擦系数取0.15。耗能杆与孔壁、插销与销孔之间的接触均按有限滑移设置。焊缝部位采用绑定约束。
表1 钢材随动硬化参数表。

4.8级剪杆

Q345钢

屈服应力(MPa)

塑性应变

屈服应力(MPa)

塑性应变

320

0

345.57

0

325.86

0.01813

351.9

0.01813

407.29

0.13659

667

0.13659

425

0.17901

696

0.17901

378.59

0.21216

620

0.21216

按照试验设计的加载制度对模型进行往复加载,加载制度按照《建筑抗震试验规程》(JGJ/T101-2015)设计了加载方案,加载曲线见图3
Figure 3. 图3 加载曲线。
得到骨架曲线与试验的对比图,见图4
Figure 4. 图4 梁柱节点有限元模拟与试验对比。
未考虑制作安装误差与结构间隙的有限元模型骨架曲线与试验结果总体趋势一致,但存在一定误差,主要源于试验中螺栓与螺栓孔间的间隙、螺栓被切削处理以及插销与插销孔的类似间隙。加载初期,间隙导致螺栓未能与孔壁完全接触,在位移较小时几乎不受力;随着位移增大,螺栓随转动发生滑移并开始受力,但由于间隙的存在,需要更大的荷载才能实现相同的位移和阻尼器转角,致使相同位移下试验荷载显著高于模拟值。这些观测表明,忽略结构间隙的理想有限元模型在整体上仍具可信性。
3.节点优化设计
对7个试件进行了单一变量分析。这些试件的设计旨在探究夹板间距、耗能杆直径及耗能杆到插销中心距离这三个关键参数对节点性能的影响。每个试件均通过调整一个参数,而保持其他参数固定,以便准确评估各变量的影响。表2中列出了涉及的7个试件的参数设置,展示了夹板间距、耗能杆直径以及耗能杆到插销中心距离的各种组合。通过精确控制夹板间距、耗能杆直径和耗能杆到插销中心距离的变量,探索这些构造参数对节点性能的影响,主要从其滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线和延性系数等方面进行综合评估。
表2 节点参数设置。

试件编号

夹板间距(mm)

耗能杆直径(mm)

耗能杆到插销中心距(mm)

N1

10

20

110

N2

10

20

110

N3

15

20

110

N4

10

18

110

N5

10

22

110

N6

10

20

100

N7

10

20

120

3.1.夹板间距
选取试件N1、N2和N3进行分析。滞回曲线见图5a,夹板间距为15mm的试件滞回环最宽,耗能能力最佳;5mm间距的试件滞回环最窄,耗能能力相对较弱。骨架曲线见图5b,随着间距增大,峰值承载力显著下降:15mm间距较5mm间距降低约39.7%,较10mm间距降低10.5%。刚度退化曲线见图5c,间距越小,初始刚度越高,但退化速率也略快;15mm间距的初始刚度最低,退化最为平缓。
Figure 5. 图5不同夹板间距的性能曲线。
表3为不同夹板间距的试件在受到往复荷载时的各类特征值,可以根据能量等值法计算延性系数。
表3 夹板间距对构件强度特征值的影响。

夹板间距(mm)

等效屈服力(KN)

等效屈服位移(mm)

峰值承载力(KN)

峰值位移(mm)

延性系数

极限承载力(kN)

极限承载位移(mm)

5

27.32

48.51

34.13

87.70

1.82

29.01

87.70

10

22.45

69.07

25.78

89.45

1.30

21.91

89.45

15

20.04

70.40

22.73

86.58

1.23

19.32

86.58

5mm、10mm和15mm间距的延性系数正反向平均值分别为1.82、1.30和1.23,说明较小间距可提供更好的延性。综上,增大夹板间距可提升耗能能力,但会降低承载力和延性;高烈度区宜采用较小间距,如5mm,而低烈度区可适当增大间距以兼顾经济效益。
3.2.耗能杆直径
选取试件N4、N2和N5进行分析。滞回曲线,直径22mm的试件滞回环最饱满,耗能能力最优;18mm试件的滞回环最窄。骨架曲线,峰值承载力随直径增大而明显提高:22mm较20mm提高5.97%,较18mm提高18.45%。刚度退化曲线中,较大直径的耗能杆初始刚度更高,且刚度退化速率更慢,表现出更好的抗震稳定性。
Figure 6. 图6不同耗能杆直径的性能曲线。
表4 耗能杆直径对构件强度特征值的影响。

夹板间距(mm)

等效屈服力(KN)

等效屈服位移(mm)

峰值承载力(KN)

峰值位移(mm)

延性系数

极限承载力(kN)

极限承载位移(mm)

18

21.02

72.64

23.39

86.19

1.19

19.88

86.19

20

23.63

73.64

26.68

89.61

1.22

22.68

89.61

22

22.81

58.82

27.57

89.25

1.52

23.43

89.25

表4可分析:耗能杆直径为18、20、22mm时延性系数分别为1.19、1.22和1.52,说明增大直径可显著改善延性。综上,增大耗能杆直径能够同步提升节点的承载力、耗能能力和延性,推荐优先选用22mm直径。
3.3.耗能杆到插销中心距离
选取试件N6、N2和N7进行分析。滞回曲线,随着该距离增大,滞回环逐渐变宽,耗能区域明显扩大。骨架曲线,峰值承载力随距离增加而上升:120mm较110mm提高4.41%,较100mm提高9.10%。刚度退化曲线,距离越大,初始刚度越高,且刚度退化速度越慢。
Figure 7. 图7不同耗能杆到插销中心距离的性能曲线。
表5 耗能杆到插销中心距离对构件强度特征值的影响。

耗能杆到插销中心距离(mm)

等效屈服力(KN)

等效屈服位移(mm)

峰值承载力(KN)

峰值位移(mm)

延性系数

极限承载力(kN)

极限承载位移(mm)

100

21.29

69.66

24.52

88.75

1.28

20.84

88.75

110

22.45

69.07

25.78

89.45

1.30

21.91

89.45

120

22.96

66.10

26.97

89.58

1.36

22.92

89.58

表5可分析:耗能杆到插销中心距离为100、110、120mm时延性系数分别为1.28、1.30和1.36,表明增大距离对延性有一定改善。综上,增大耗能杆到插销中心距可有效提高节点的承载力、刚度和耗能能力,推荐采用120mm配置具备最优抗震性能。
4.结论
本文基于有限元方法,系统分析了夹板间距、耗能杆直径及耗能杆到插销中心距离对新型消能减震装配式梁柱节点抗震性能的影响,得到以下主要结论:
1) 耗能杆直径对节点承载力与延性影响显著。当耗能杆直径由18 mm增大至22 mm时,节点峰值承载力从23.88 kN提升至28.28 kN,增幅达18.45%;延性系数由1.19提高至1.52,耗能能力明显增强。表明增大耗能杆直径是提升节点综合抗震性能的有效途径。
2) 夹板间距对节点耗能能力与承载力呈现相反的影响趋势。间距为15 mm时,滞回环更为饱满,耗能能力优于5 mm间距,但峰值承载力较5 mm间距降低约39.7%。较小的夹板间距可提供更高的初始刚度和承载力,适合高烈度地震区;较大的间距虽承载力下降,但变形能力与耗能性能更优,适用于中低烈度区。
3) 耗能杆到插销中心距的增加可同时提升节点的承载力与刚度。当该距离由100 mm增至120 mm时,峰值承载力从25.37 kN提高至27.91 kN,提升约10.0%;刚度退化速度减缓,延性系数由1.28增至1.36。推荐采用120 mm配置以获得最优的抗震性能。
在抗震设计中,优先选用直径22mm的耗能杆,耗能杆到插销中心距取120 mm;夹板间距应根据设防烈度合理选取。高烈度区推荐5 mm,中低烈度区可适当放宽至10~15 mm以兼顾经济性与耗能需求。
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    Zhang, T., Li, B., Ling, Y. (2026). Parametric Analysis on the Hysteretic Behavior of an Energy Dissipation Damper. Science Research, 14(4), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20

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    ACS Style

    Zhang, T.; Li, B.; Ling, Y. Parametric Analysis on the Hysteretic Behavior of an Energy Dissipation Damper. Sci. Res. 2026, 14(4), 210-217. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20

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    AMA Style

    Zhang T, Li B, Ling Y. Parametric Analysis on the Hysteretic Behavior of an Energy Dissipation Damper. Sci Res. 2026;14(4):210-217. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20,
      author = {Tianjing Zhang and Benben Li and Yu Ling},
      title = {Parametric Analysis on the Hysteretic Behavior of an Energy Dissipation Damper},
      journal = {Science Research},
      volume = {14},
      number = {4},
      pages = {210-217},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20261404.20},
      abstract = {To improve the hysteretic performance of prefabricated beam-column connections, a parametric analysis is conducted on an energy-dissipating damper connection composed of shear rods and a pin shaft. Based on the finite element method, the effects of the gusset plate spacing, the diameter of the energy-dissipating rods, and the distance from the rods to the pin shaft center on the seismic performance of the connection are investigated. The results indicate that increasing the rod diameter significantly enhances both the load-bearing capacity and ductility. When the rod diameter is increased from 18 mm to 22 mm, the peak load-bearing capacity increases by 18.5%, and the ductility coefficient improves by 27.7%. Increasing the gusset plate spacing enhances the energy dissipation capacity, but the peak load-bearing capacity decreases by up to 39.7%. Increasing the distance from the rods to the pin shaft center simultaneously improves the load-bearing capacity and stiffness; when this distance is increased from 100 mm to 120 mm, the load-bearing capacity increases by 10.0%. It is recommended to prioritize the use of 22 mm diameter rods and a center distance of 120 mm, while the gusset plate spacing should be selected between 5 mm and 15 mm according to the seismic fortification intensity. The optimized damper can effectively improve the seismic performance of the connection.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Parametric Analysis on the Hysteretic Behavior of an Energy Dissipation Damper
    AU  - Tianjing Zhang
    AU  - Benben Li
    AU  - Yu Ling
    Y1  - 2026/08/13
    PY  - 2026
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20
    T2  - Science Research
    JF  - Science Research
    JO  - Science Research
    SP  - 210
    EP  - 217
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-0927
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20261404.20
    AB  - To improve the hysteretic performance of prefabricated beam-column connections, a parametric analysis is conducted on an energy-dissipating damper connection composed of shear rods and a pin shaft. Based on the finite element method, the effects of the gusset plate spacing, the diameter of the energy-dissipating rods, and the distance from the rods to the pin shaft center on the seismic performance of the connection are investigated. The results indicate that increasing the rod diameter significantly enhances both the load-bearing capacity and ductility. When the rod diameter is increased from 18 mm to 22 mm, the peak load-bearing capacity increases by 18.5%, and the ductility coefficient improves by 27.7%. Increasing the gusset plate spacing enhances the energy dissipation capacity, but the peak load-bearing capacity decreases by up to 39.7%. Increasing the distance from the rods to the pin shaft center simultaneously improves the load-bearing capacity and stiffness; when this distance is increased from 100 mm to 120 mm, the load-bearing capacity increases by 10.0%. It is recommended to prioritize the use of 22 mm diameter rods and a center distance of 120 mm, while the gusset plate spacing should be selected between 5 mm and 15 mm according to the seismic fortification intensity. The optimized damper can effectively improve the seismic performance of the connection.
    VL  - 14
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

  • College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

  • College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China